SAYING MISSED PRAYERS
Q. What do we mean by Ada and Qada prayers?
An Ada (on time) prayer is prayer said on
its proper time. Qada (deffered) prayer is a Fard or Wajib prayer said after
the lapse of its due time.
For example, the Dhuhr
Salat will be Ada if said on time. But it will be Qada if said after the expiry
of the time limit fixed for Dhuhr.
Q. Which Salats must be said as Qada prayers
if missed on proper time?
Qada for all commanded Salats is Fard
that for Wajib Salats is Wajib and it is the Prophet’s precept to say Qada for
certain Masnun Salats.
Q. How is it not to perform a Fard or Wajib
prayer on time?
It is a sin not to say a commanded
(Fard), ordained (Wajib) or an emphasized Masnun prayer on its proper time. The
sin is greater for failing to say the commanded and ordained prayers on time
and less for missing the Masnun prayers.
Nonetheless, if a prayer is missed
without intention (through forgetfulness or failure to awaken from sleep) it is
excusable.
Q. At what time should one say the missed
prayer?
A person should say the missed prayer as
soon as he remembers it. Delay in it is a sin. Nevertheless, if the time when
one awakens or remembers it is already an undesirable hour for the purpose, it
must be said after the undesirable time is over.
Q. How should one affirm his intention to
say the missed or deferred prayer?
The right manner for a person wishing to
say a missed prayer is to affirm that he intends to say the prayer say, for
Fajr or Dhuhr for such and such day. Mere affirmation of intention to
say a particular prayer without reference to the day to which it belongs is not
enough.
Q. How should a person affirm his intention
if he has missed a large number of Salats but does not know the number of days
involved? For instance, what should be the precise terms of intention for a man
who has missed prayers for a month or two at a stretch and knows that about
thirty Fajr or Dhuhr prayers are due against him, does not remember the
month in respect of which the prayers are due?
In such a situation where we say the
deferred prayer the intention should be affirmed that we are offering the first
or last of the Fajr prayer due from us. In this way the intention affirmed
should expressly be mentioned in respect of the missed Salat which is now
proposed to be offered as a deferred prayer.
Q. Where is it better to say the deferred
prayer, at home or in the masjid?
If an individual has missed a prayer, it
is better that he offer it at home. Saying it in the masjid is also
permissible. But the fact that one is now making up for the missed prayers
should not be made known to others; it is an undesirable act.
Q. What Masnun Salat is there performing
which as a deferred prayer is the Prophet’s precept?
Masnun Rak'ahs of Fajr, if missed along
with the commanded prayer, must be said along with the commanded prayers before
the period of Zawal (the time when the sun after attaining to its maximum
height, starts declining). But if it is said after Zawal, only the commanded
prayer (and no Masnun prayer is to be said).
If, however, only the Masnun prayer is
missed, it alone cannot be said as a deferred prayer. To offer it before
sunrise is undesirable. And although it is not undesirable, to say the prayer
after sunrise, it will no longer enjoy the status of a Masnun prayer, it will
only be a Nafl prayer.
Q. How is it if the Masnun Rak'ahs of Dhuhr
meant to be said before the Fard prayer are left unsaid?
Masnun prayers of Dhuhr and
Jum’ah, if not said before the Fard prayer, can be said after it. These may be
said before or after the usual two Masnun Rak'ahs that follow the Fard prayers.
It is however, better to offer them after the above said two Rak'ahs.
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