Islam's Political System
Al-Khilafah
Evidences & Conceptual Understanding
by
https://www.slideshare.net/dawah_islam/islams-political-system-alkhilafah
Evidences from Quran
· "So rule between them by that which Allah has revealed, and follow not their desires, but beware of them in case they seduce you from just some part of that which Allah has revealed to you" (TMQ Al-Ma’idah: 49).
· "But no, by your Lord, they will not have Eeman until they make you (O Prophet) rule between them in that which they dispute, and they find in their souls no resistance against your decisions, but accept them with the fullest conviction" (TMQ An-Nisa: 65)
· "Indeed, we have revealed to you the book with the truth so that you may rule between mankind by that which Allah has shown you" (TMQ An-Nisa: 105).
· "Whosoever does not rule by that which Allah has revealed, they are disbelievers (Kafiroon).....the thaalimoon (oppressors)....the fasiqoon (evil doers)" (TMQ Al-Ma’idah: 44-47)
· Etc.,
Evidences from Ahadith
· Imam Muslim narrated from Abu Hazim who said:
I was with Abu Hurairah for five years and I heard him narrate from the Prophet (SAW) that he said: "The Prophets used to rule Bani Israel. Whenever a prophet died another prophet succeeded him, but there will be no prophets after me; instead there will be Khulafaa' (Khalifahs) and they will number many". They asked: what then do you order us? He said: "fulfill allegiance to them one after the other. Give them their dues. Verily Allah will ask them about what he entrusted them with".
· Imam Muslim narrated from Abdullah bin 'Umar who said that the Prophet (saw) said,
"One who dies without having bound himself by an oath of allegiance (to a Khalifah) will die the death of one belonging to the days of ignorance (Jahiliyah)".
· Ahmed and Ibn abi 'Asim narrated that the Prophet (saw) said,
"Whosoever dies and he does not have over him an Imaam, he dies the death of Jahilyyah".
Evidences from Sahabah (r.a.)
· Ali ibn abi Taalib (r.a.) said, "The people will not be straightened except by an Imaam (Khaleefah), whether he is good or bad". (Bayhaqi, No. 14286, Kanz ul-ummal)
· Abdullah ibn 'Umar (r.a.) said "The people in the Ummah will not suffer even if they were oppressors and sinful if the rulers were guided and were guiding. But the people in the Ummah will suffer and perish even if they were guided and were guiding if the rulers were oppressors and sinful". (Abu Nu'aim narrated in 'Hulayat Awliyyah.)
· 'Umar ibn al-Khattab (r.a.) said, "There is no Islam without a community, and there is no community without a leadership, and there is no authoruty without hearing and obeying".
Ijma at the time of Umar's (r.a.) death
· When Umar bin al-Khattab (r.a.) was close to death he nominated the six people among the companions. The six included Uthman, Ali and Abdul Rahman bin Awf (may Allah be pleased with them). Omar decreed that if agreement on the choice of Khalif was not reached within three days the one who disagrees should be beheaded after the three day.
· No one disputed this order, even though to kill someone without just cause is haram. And these six were not just anyone; they were the best of the companions who had been promised paradise.
· The agreement of the companions on this order is therefore an Islamic evidence for us that the Muslims are forbidden to be without a Khalif for more than three days
Evidences from Ulema
· Imam al-Qurtubi said in his Tafseer of the verse, "Indeed, man is made upon this earth a Khaleefah" (TMQ 2:30) that:
"Haatheeh il-Aayatu asalun fee nasabi Imaamin wa Khaleefatin, yosma'oo lahu wa yotaa'u li-tajtami'i bihi il-kalimatih, wa tonaffithu bihi ahkaam il-Khaleefah, wa laa khalaafu fee wajoobi thalik bayna al-Ummati wa laa bayn al-a'immah, illa maa rawaya 'an il-Asam al-Mu'tazzili..."
"This Ayah is a source in the selection of an Imaam, and a Khaleefah, he is listened to and he is obeyed, for the word is united through him, and the Ahkam (laws) of the Khaleefah are implemented through him, and there is no difference regarding the obligation of that between the Ummah, nor between the Imams except what is narrated about al-Asam, the Mu'tazzili (a deviant group)...". (Tafseer ul-Qurtubi 264/1.)
· Imam al-Qurturbi (rh.a.) also said, "The Khilafah is the pillar upon which other pillars rest".
· Imam an-Nawawi (rh.a.) said,
"Ijma'oo 'alaa annahu yajib 'alal-Muslimeena nasabun Khaleefah".
"(The scholars) consented that it is an obligation upon the Muslims to select a Khaleefah". (Sharhu Sahih Muslim page 205 vol 12)
· Imaam al-Ghazali (rh.a.) when writing of the potential consequences of losing the Khilafah said,
"The judges will be suspeneded, the Wilayaat (provinces) will be nullified, ... the decrees of those in authority will not be executed and all the people will be on the verge of Haraam". (al Iqtisaad fil Itiqaad page 240.)
· Ibn Taymiyyah (rh.a.) said,
"It is obligatory to know that the office in charge of commanding over the people (ie: the Khilafah post) is one of the greatest obligations of the Deen. In fact, their is no establishment of the Deen except by it....this is the opinion of the salaf, such as al-Fadl ibn 'Iyaad, Ahmed ibn Hanbal and others". (Siyaasah Shariyyah - chapter: 'The obligation of adherence to the leadership'.)
· Imam abu ul-Hasan al-Mawardi (rh.a.) said,
"The contract of the Imamah (leadership) for whoever is standing with it, is an obligation by Ijmaa'a (consensus)". (alAhkam us-Sultaniyyah [Arabic] p 56.)
· Imam Ahmed (rh.a.) said:
"The Fitna (mischief and tribuulations) occurs when there is no Imaam established over the affairs of the people".
· Abu Hafs Umar al-Nasafi (rh.a.) a noted scholar of the 6th century Hijri states;
"The Muslims simply must have an Imam (Khaleefah), who will execute the rules, establish the Hudud (penal system), defend the frontiers, equip the armies, collect Zakah, punish those who rebel (against the state) and those who spy and highwaymen, establish Jum'ah and the two 'Eids, settle the dispute among the servants (of Allah), accept the testimony of witnesses in matters of legal rights, give in marriage the young and the poor who have no family, and distribute the booty".
· Imam Al-Juzayri, an expert on the Fiqh of the four great schools of thought said regarding the four Imams,
"The Imams (scholars of the four schools of thought- Shafi'i, Hanafi, Maliki, Hanbali)- may Allah have mercy on them- agree that the Imamah (Leadership) is an obligation, and that the Muslims must appoint an Imam who would implement the deen's rites, and give the oppressed justice against the oppressors". ("Fiqh ulMathahib ul-Arba'a" [the Fiqh of the four schools of thought], volume 5, page 416.)
· Imam al-Haythami said,
"It is known that the Sahabah (r.a.h) consented that selecting the Imaam after the end of the era of Prophethood was an obligation (Wajib). Indeed they made it (more) important than the (other) obligations whilst they were busy with it over the burial of the Prophet (saw)". (al-Haythami in Sawaa'iq ul-haraqah:17.)
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